Formative evaluation is best described as?

• A. Process of delivering services
• B. Examines outcomes (the sum)
• C. A one-time measurement at the end
• D. A comparison between groups

Answer: (A)

Formative evaluation is about improving a program while it’s being implemented. It focuses on the process of delivering services, gathering feedback, and using that information to refine and adjust the program in real time. The goal is ongoing learning and development—identify what’s working, what isn’t, and make changes to improve effectiveness before the program ends.

This contrasts with summative evaluation, which looks at outcomes after the program is finished to judge overall success. A one-time measurement at the end is characteristic of summative assessment, not formative. While comparing groups can occur in some evaluations, formative evaluation centers on the process and instructional or service delivery improvements during implementation, not on final results across groups.