In a Biopsychosocial assessment, which domain would address a client's living environment and social supports?

• A. Biological factors
• B. Social/environmental factors
• C. Psychological factors
• D. Spiritual factors

Answer: (B)

The social/environmental factors domain covers a client’s living environment and social supports. This part of the biopsychosocial assessment looks at how housing, safety, neighborhood context, and the presence or absence of supportive relationships influence functioning and well-being. For example, stable housing and reliable support from family or friends can buffer stress and improve outcomes, while homelessness or social isolation can exacerbate difficulties. This domain is distinct from biological factors (medical/physical conditions) and psychological factors (emotions, thoughts, coping), and from spiritual considerations. So living environment and social supports are addressed within the social/environmental factors domain.