Tourette syndrome is best described as which of the following?

• A. Sudden urges to engage in repetitive behaviors such as blinking eyes or lip-smacking.
• B. Chronic inability to sleep.
• C. A disorder characterized by involuntary tics that may be vocal or motor.
• D. A mood disorder with alternating mood states.

Answer: (C)

Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental condition defined by involuntary, sudden, repetitive movements or sounds called tics, which can be motor or vocal. These tics typically begin in childhood and persist for more than a year, though they may wax and wane in severity. The key idea is the involuntary nature of the tics, not a sleep problem or mood disorder. The description that emphasizes involuntary tics that can be motor or vocal best captures the essence of Tourette, whereas sleep issues or mood disorders describe other kinds of conditions, and focusing on urges can mislead away from the core involuntary nature of the tics.