What are the two types of evaluations?

• A. Formative and Summative
• B. Formative and Qualitative
• C. Summative and Diagnostic
• D. Process and Outcome

Answer: (A)

Formative and summative evaluations are the two main kinds of evaluation used to gauge learning or program progress. Formative evaluation happens during instruction or development, providing ongoing feedback that helps improve the work while it’s still in progress. It’s about making adjustments in real time, with examples like quick quizzes, drafts, or feedback sessions. Summative evaluation occurs after instruction or at the end of a program to judge overall achievement or effectiveness, producing the final judgment used for grades, certifications, or determining success of a program. While other terms like diagnostic, qualitative, or process/outcome exist in evaluation, the standard pairing most often taught as the primary distinction is formative and summative. For example, a mid-unit check-in guides teaching, whereas a final exam measures what was learned overall.