Which disorder, also known as manic depression, is characterized by episodes of elevated mood and energy?

• A. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• B. Bipolar Disorder
• C. Major Depressive Disorder
• D. Dissociative Disorder

Answer: (B)

Manic depression describes mood swings between depressive periods and episodes of unusually elevated mood and energy, which is the hallmark of bipolar disorder. In a manic or hypomanic episode, mood is abnormally elevated or irritable, energy and activity levels surge, and behaviors can be impulsive or risky. This pattern of alternating depressive and manic/hypomanic episodes distinguishes bipolar disorder from generalized anxiety disorder (which centers on persistent worry), major depressive disorder (depression without mania), and dissociative disorders (disruptions in memory, identity, or consciousness). The term manic depression is an older label; current terminology uses bipolar disorder.