Which technique focuses on modifying dysfunctional behaviors?

• A. Behavior Modification
• B. The Gottman Method
• C. Individual therapy only
• D. Family systems theory

Answer: (A)

Behavior modification focuses on changing observable behaviors by altering the consequences that shape them. It uses principles of operant conditioning, such as reinforcing desirable actions to increase them and applying consequences to reduce problematic ones. Techniques like shaping, token economies, and systematic reinforcement schedules are all about producing concrete behavior change, which is why this approach is the best fit when the goal is to modify dysfunctional behaviors.

The Gottman Method, by contrast, is a relationship-focused approach that aims to improve couple dynamics and communication, not a general technique for changing individual dysfunctional behaviors. Individual therapy only describes the setting, not a specific method for behavior change. Family systems theory explains how family patterns influence behavior, offering insight into dynamics rather than a concrete behavior-modification technique.