Which theorist is best known for an eight-stage psychosocial development theory?

• A. Freud
• B. Erik Erikson
• C. Piaget
• D. Bandura

Answer: (B)

Erik Erikson is best known for an eight-stage psychosocial development theory that tracks development across the entire lifespan. In this model, each stage presents a central psychosocial conflict to resolve, beginning with trust versus mistrust in infancy and continuing through autonomy versus shame, initiative versus guilt, industry versus inferiority, identity versus role confusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, and integrity versus despair in old age. Successfully navigating these stages builds a healthier personality and social functioning, while unresolved conflicts can shape challenges in later life.

Freud is associated with psychosexual stages, Piaget with cognitive development stages, and Bandura with social learning theory and self-efficacy. The eight-stage framework is unique to Erikson and highlights how social relationships and cultural context influence development across the lifespan.